Understanding Profitability Index Method

Understanding Profitability Index Method The profitability index is a ratio of an investment’s benefits to the cost involved in making the investment.It is an index used to measure the present value of future cash flow compared to the initial investment.This measurement is more of a prediction of the profitability of investing in a given project. It helps you or the company using it to decide whether to invest in a project or not.This index can be used by individual investors to make investment decisions.However, it is mostly used by companies which are about to venture into projects and they need to know their viability. It is also used to compare two or more different projects so as to decide which one to invest in.The use of the profitability index is in line with the need to maximize investments while lowering costs.As you make an investment, your goal is to gain significant returns which will offset the initial investment you put in.This is basically how you make profits from your investments.Other terms for the prof itability index are the Profit Investment Ration (PIR) and the Value Investment Ratio (VIR).When considering several investment-grade projects, the profitability index serves to rank the projects in order of best return on initial investment.This makes it easy for you to choose which one to go for.The higher the profitability index, the better the returns to be realized.PROFITABILITY INDEX FORMULASThe profitability index is calculated using several variables which depict different aspects of the investment.There are two different formulas used.Let’s look at them separately.Formula 1This is the more simple and direct formula. It uses the present value of future cash flow and the initial investment required.PI = Present value of future cash flow / Initial investment requiredThe present value of future cash flow seeks to understand how valuable the returns to be received are. This is based on the reasoning that $1 held today cannot be of the same value as $1 next year.This reasoning is true because the value of money never remains constant. This is not because the value can itself change but because its purchasing power can, and does, change.One of the biggest determining factors of the purchasing power of money is the ever-changing force of demand and supply. If the supply of a commodity is low, then the product becomes expensive.The amount of money you previously needed to buy the product is then no longer enough. Source: Hands on bankingAnother factor which indirectly affects the demand and supply while directly affecting the value of money is inflation.High inflation makes life expensive, thus the value of money goes down.These factors are what lead investors and companies looking for an investment to calculate potential returns.They need to know how much value the future returns will have if they were held today.Example calculationThe management of company A is thinking of building a new factory to supplement its current factory’s operations.They are projecting an increase in demand for their products. In order to be able to handle the new orders, they are considering this move.Since they don’t want to invest in a project which won’t provide good returns, they give their finance team some work. They are to calculate the profitability index of the new investment.The expected cash flow is $250,000 and the initial investment is $200,000. below is the calculation of the profitability inde x.PI = Preset value of future cash flow / Initial investment requiredPI = 250,000 / 200,000 = 1.25With a PI of 1.25, the project is worth undertaking. Any index greater than 1 is a sign of good returns.Formula 2The second formula requires more calculations to be done. It is shown below.Profitability Index Formula = 1 + (Net Present Value / Initial Investment Required)To use this formula, you will need to find the Net present value. The Net present value is arrived at by using the below formula.Net present value = Present value of future cash flow â€" Initial investment requiredExample calculationTo show how both these formulas give the same results, we will use the example from the first formula.With the initial investment being $200,000 and the present value of future cash flow being $250,000, here is what the calculation would be like.First, calculate the Net present value.Net present value = Present value of future cash flow â€" Initial investment requiredNet present value = 250, 000 â€" 200,000 = 50,000Now calculate the PI.PI = 1 + (Net Present Value / Initial Investment Required)PI = 1 + (50,000 / 200,000) = 1.25In other instances, you may have a list of the specific expected cash flows for every year the new project is to run. In that case, the same formulas stand, only that you will have a longer process to follow.This process adds another factor called discounted value. This is essentially the present value of the future amount.This is from the earlier-mentioned idea that the current value of money is not equal to its value later in time, e.g. 1 year later.Generally, money to be received later in time is considered to have a lower present value than money held in the present.Discounting therefore reduces the amount of money by a specific percentage.Let’s look at an example.Company X is considering an investment. In its calculations, the expected cash flow for the first 3 years are $70,000, $65,000 and $82,000. The initial investment is $120,000. To ca lculate the PI, we will first need to get the total present value of those projected earnings.Since the present value has to be a discounted amount of the figures, here is what to do assuming a discount rate of 10%.Present value = Estimated cash flow value / (1 + Discount rate) ^ nWhere n is the number of year in which the given cash flow amount is received.We will calculate the discounted values then add them up to get the total present value.Year 1: 70,000 / (1 + 0.1) ^1 = 63,636.36Year 2: 65,000 / (1 + 0.1) ^2 = 53,719.01Year 3: 82,000 / (1 + 0,1) ^3 = 61,607.81Total: 178,963.18With this as the present value of cash flow, we then calculate the Profitability index.Keep in mind that the Net present value is attained by subtracting the initial investment requirement from the present value of future cash flow, which is what we have as the total discounted amount (178,963.18).PI = 1 + (Net Present Value / Initial Investment Required)PI = 1 + ((178,963.18 â€" 120,000) / 120,000)PI = 1. 49We can verify this using the first formula.PI = Preset value of future cash flow / Initial investment requiredPI = 178,963.18 / 120,000PI = 1.49INTERPRETING THE PROFITABILITY INDEX VALUEBeing a means of telling which project is worth investing in, the profitability index gives a number which you need to interpret.Just as the ratio of the calculation is important, so is the interpretation of the same.There are three different values or value ranges you can get from any of the formulas you choose.More than 1 â€" a PI value of more than 1 means that the project is a good investment. It is a sign that you will get more than you put in for the investment. Any time you calculate PI and get a value of more than 1, then consider the project viable.Equal to 1 â€" when you get a PI value which is equal to 1, it means that the investment will give the very amount you put in. This is not a good project to invest in. When things are neutral, consider the chances of loss being higher than those of gains. Stay away from such investments.Less than 1 â€" any investment whose PI is less than 1 is a risky one. A value of less than 1 means that the returns are less than the initial investment. The project is a guaranteed loss-making investment. Run away.ADVANTAGES OF THE PROFITABILITY INDEXThe purpose of any formula devised to check investments for profitability is to provide guidance and assurance.Here are some good reasons as to why you should use the profitability index.Shows a project’s worthThe very nature of the profitability index will give you a good idea of the worth of the project you are looking to invest in.Being a ratio of the project benefits to investment cost, it cannot get clearer than this.This borrows from the concept of cost-benefit analysis.With this concept, anything you do has to be evaluated to find out whether the benefits outweigh the costs involved. Although the cost-benefit analysis is applicable in all areas of life, there is no situation better s uited for it than the investment world.Using the profitability index, you are able to see the kind of return you may get from an investment. The calculation process itself will give you helpful information and will force you to make some detailed considerations.For example, to get the estimated yearly cash flow from the project, you will have to do some math. This is different from other investment appraisals which consider the market rate and other external factors.Also, the calculation results have a clear way of showing whether a particular investment is worth your money.Accounts for risk involvedThe profitability index takes into account the ever-present risk factor which other formulas may not. Although the formulas have no variable called risk, the risk is factored in using the discounted valuation.When an expected cash flow is discounted by a certain percentage, this is the risk factor being taken care of.Those amounts get reduced depending on the riskiness of the investment. Thus a project which seems more risky will have the discount rate being higher than for the project which is less risky.The higher the discount rate, the more the expected cash flow is reduced. This gives an accurate picture of the true amount which can be practically realized as a return.This also helps in correctly comparing different projects so as to minimize the risk of making the wrong choice.Can help know how investment will affect the company’s value?Every move made by a company has an impact on the company’s overall value. If a company is expanding and the market indicates that this is a good move, the company’s value increases. If a company is involved in research and development and it announces a major breakthrough, its value will go up.On the other hand, if a company experiences a reduction in profits, its value goes down. If this happens for two consecutive years, stock prices get affected and investors may sell their shares.Something similar happens with new pro jects undertaken by companies. If it is a good move and it’s bound to increase their profits, the company’s total value goes up.In this case, the profitability index can help a company avoid getting into a situation which will affect its value. Since the index clearly points to the profitability of a project, it enables the decision-makers sustain their company’s economic status.Takes the time value of money into considerationThis is another big advantage of using the profitability index. Investors know that the value of money is not always the same over time.However, not many stock valuation and investment-analyzing techniques factor this in their calculations.Because of that, most individuals and companies only look at the expected rate of return.From this they cultivate the amount of money they will receive after the investment period is over.This happens even for long-term investments.The obvious danger in this is that the money will be received but its value will very lik ely be low. The money may not be able to do much.This means that the returns will actually be less than what they were expected to be.   The profitability index takes this into account and reduces the expected returns accordingly. This is done through the discount rate.This rate checks the risk factor of the investment.But at the same time, it looks into the approximate value of the money to be received in view of the time invested.As such, whereas other profitability formulas will tell you how much you can make, this one will tell you the same but give you a more accurate picture in terms of return value.Makes it easy to pick an investment projectWhen faced with multiple choices for an investment, this index will not only tell you which ones are worth considering but it also ranks them for you.Calculating the profitability index of various projects will give you their viability in straight figures.Just looking at these figures will help you decide which one to go for. You will lite rally know which is number 1, 2, 3 etc.Moreover, since you have access to the figures involved in terms of the expected yearly cash flows, you can decide which one is giving you the best returns.For example, you may be looking at projects A and B. Project A has a PI of 1.5 and over the span of 3 years, has expected cash flows of $115,000, $107,000 and $113,000. Project B on the other hand has a PI of 1.4 with expected cash flows of $235,000 in year one, $256,000 in year two and $248,000 in the third year.You will have to consider other factors playing out in your company’s decision-making process.With that, you might decide to choose project B which gives you more cash flow.The project might however be requiring a higher initial investment.DISADVANTAGES OF THE PROFITABILITY INDEXWith the above advantages, some disadvantages also exist.These are the limitations you will experience out of using the profitability index to assess investment projects.Some of these are discussed below.E stimated future cash flow cannot be guaranteedThe profitability index does a good job in analyzing the expected returns.Despite that, it cannot give a guarantee that those amounts it comes up with are what you will receive.Those figures remain to be estimates, albeit accurate estimates.It will thus be upon the company, or you who is working for it, to understand that the given figures could still change.The issue of estimated figures is common knowledge to investors although they still need to keep it in mind as they make their choices.Different projects can have the same PIPI is a great indicator of a projects profitability. But what happens when you have two or more projects with the same PI? Which one do you pick?This can happen when the calculations of the variables used in the formula match. For example, consider these two examples.Project A has an initial investment of $200,000 and the present value of future cash flow is $250,000. Project B has an initial investment of $400,0 00 with the present value of future cash flow being $500,000. Both these projects will have a PI of 1.25.Which one do you go for?This shows a shortcoming on this index’s side. If it cannot totally differentiate between options, then it might increase the difficulty of making a choice.In such a case, other considerations will have to be made.Cannot compare projects of different durationsIf you want to compare the profitability of projects which have different life spans, the profitability index would not be ideal.When projects run for a long time, their cash flow will provide some extra returns compared to those which run for a short time. Yet you might be able to only choose one project.This will pose a challenge and the PI of both projects may not be the best ratio to rely on.CONCLUSIONThe profitability index gives you an opportunity to determine the profitability of an investment. It helps you further by ranking the various projects you are considering, thus making it easier to choose one.As with other formulas though, it is necessary to remember that these formulas are just but guides.The real returns may vary.

Galileos Mathematical-Experimental Method Essay - 1857 Words

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Galileo’s observational discoveries in astronomy allowed for the basis to begin discrediting the old ideas in favor of a new understanding of the universe. The longstanding way of thought in astronomy favored a spherically rotating universe around the Earth with unchanging and perfectly symmetrical constellations and planets. The contemporaries of Galileo believed, for example, that the moon had the face of a shiny, polished sphere, whereas Galileo showed that the surface of the moon to be imperfect with rough mountainous areas along with deep valleys (or â€Å"seas† as he called them) marked with dark sports (Frova 162). This surface very much paralleled the rough surface of the Earth (meaning that Earth’s surface was not unique). Also with his improved telescope, Galileo was capable of viewing the stars with much more clarity. Galileo discovered newly formed stars and star clusters, which challenged the Aristotelian philosophy of an ageless universe. 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Essay on Capital Punishment - An Appropriate Form of...

Since the early settlers first stepped foot on what is now the United States of America, capital punishment has been reserved as a form of punishment for the people who have committed some of society’s most heinous crimes. Recently, support of capital punishment has begun to erode due to the advancements of DNA technology and groups, such as the Innocence Project. Capital punishment, however, remains to be an appropriate form of punishment for someone convicted of capital crimes, and may be effective in deterring such offenses. In December, 1607, Captain George Kendall was the first known person to be executed in the territory, now known as the United States of America. Captain Kendall was shot by firing squad, accused of spying†¦show more content†¦According to the Innocence Project, there have been 173 exonerations due to eyewitness misidentification, 116 cases due to improper forensics, 51 cases due to false admissions, and 36 cases of unreliable informants. 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King Lear †Bbc Edition vs Laurence Olivier Free Essays

King Lear video comparison King Lear BBC vs. King Lear ft. Laurence Olivier In comparing the opening scenes of BBC and Laurence Olivier’s interpretation of Shakespeare’s King Lear, I believe that BBC’s interpretation is more engaging to the audience. We will write a custom essay sample on King Lear – Bbc Edition vs Laurence Olivier or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are qualities that Olivier’s King Lear has an edge on, but I do consider those as less important than other factors in play. The wardrobe and music of Olivier’s King Lear is much more extensive in comparison to BBC’s, but overall BBC’s King Lear does have better acting and camera angles. To many people, the music and wardrobe would come second to actor performance and filming. The camera angles and choice of location of both plays is important, but in Olivier’s it features mainly headshots in the opening of King Lear and close ups of the actors. Putting the actor in focus it makes a strong impression of each actor’s facial expression, but this does not allow for background acting from other actors. In BBC, just prior to Lear disowning Cordelia, Kent is seen in the centre of the screen shocked and befuddled; speechless. With the directing of Olivier’s King Lear, the camera usage does not allow for this. The setting used in Olivier’s interpretation was also unique as it appeared to take place in a Stonehenge-style location, but as special as it is, it does not support the atmosphere of the play. King Lear is sitting merely on a raised platform. Not what history would have portrayed for the throne of a King. Although Lear’s room appears to be wooden in BBC’s interpretation, it still seems to show more respect to Lear, just as what would have during the time period that they are portraying. Music in the background is something that BBC lacks compares to Olivier’s. The music in Olivier’s play matches the time period, and accompanies the entrance of the King and his royal subjects, giving Lear, his daughters, and sons-in-law the nobility they deserve. Actors in both plays deliver the script well, but in Olivier does not play out the role of a king and a father well. Olivier’s reaction to Cordelia saying nothing is too inert for someone with that ego. The delivery of the lines appears to be a chore for Olivier, rather than performing his lines with passion. In BBC’s version, Lear hesitates, and wonders for a short while before responding to Cordelia’s â€Å"nothing†, mimicking the contemplation that Lear would have undergone upon hearing nothing. Olivier dressed in vibrant colours along with his royal subjects give Olivier’s drama an edge. But the effect is not substantial enough to win over what appears to be rushed scenes with his play. With better actor delivery and camera angles, the opening scenes of BBC’s King Lear is much more effective at bring Shakespeare’s King Lear to life. How to cite King Lear – Bbc Edition vs Laurence Olivier, Essay examples

Just A Story Essays - Frank Sinatra, Grammy Legend Award

Just A Story Albert watched through the window of his fourth floor apartment as she unloaded the groceries from the back of her Oldsmobile. He sighed, and walked away from the window to water the plant he had named after her. If he hurried, he could make his way down to the mailbox while she was on her way into the building, as he thought about doing every Wednesday when she did her grocery shopping, but the thought of speaking to her made him nauseous and his knees quivered uncontrollably. Tonight was going to be the night, he told himself. He was going to ask her to dinner. He would just walk up the stairs and ring her doorbell, and bring her daisies. Just before eight o'clock, because he knew she would be home. She was always home for the latest episode of Murder, She Wrote, as he knew because he could hear the theme song blaring through his paper-thin ceiling, every Wednesday at eight o'clock. He ironed his khakis in an attempt to look just perfect for the occasion, and ran a comb through the non-existing hair on his head. He could hear her walking up the stairs, and Albert imagined her popping popcorn for her favorite television show, and washing up from a long day at the coffee shop. He had never actually been inside the coffee shop, but instead watched her work from outside the large window. He watched all the other customers inside ? construction workers on lunch breaks, businessmen sitting alone with the New York Times, and the ladies who play Bridge and flaunt their new manicures ? all sipping cappuccinos that she had poured, and devouring French Toast that she had gracefully carried to the table. Tonight was his chance to speak to her like the men who drink her coffee, only this would be different. After all, he had even picked her daisies. He trembled just thinking about it, and thought diligently about how he should introduce himself. He walked into his bedroom to search through his closet for the perfect shirt to wear when eight o'clock approached. As the sun begin to set, Albert could hear Frank Sinatra playing from her apartment above and attempted to calm his nerves by staring out the window as the stars appeared in the sky. Maybe he would bake cookies for her to waste a little bit of time ? chocolate chip, like the ones he had smelled burning from her apartment the other day. He poured flour into a bowl and sang along with Sinatra. He stirred a bag of chocolate chips into the bowl to the rhythm of the music and thought about how happy she'd be. He cracked an egg into the bowl and suddenly, he no longer heard the music or footsteps from above. As he continued to stare out the window, he noticed two figures linking arms as they walked through the parking lot. His eyes widened and he suddenly realized why the music had stopped playing. There she was, in the parking lot, with a man in a suit, and she in a blue dress with her long hair pinned up in the back. They began to tango under the stars, among the cars in the lot, and the man produced a red rose from his jacket pocket. Albert looked at the daisies he had picked just for her, and wiped a tear from his cheek. He continued to gaze out the window as they proceeded to dance in the silence of the night, and paid no attention to the egg yolk that dripped down his newly ironed khakis. Creative Writing

Fredrick Winslow Taylor’s Contribution Essays

Fredrick Winslow Taylor’s Contribution Essays Fredrick Winslow Taylor’s Contribution Essay Fredrick Winslow Taylor’s Contribution Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: : Fredrick Winslow Taylor’s Contribution According to Winslow’s theory of scientific management, he believed that an increase in the worker’s productivity was the reason behind the success of the employer and the employee. His theory would improve efficiency by increasing the speed at which they work. The employees would also gain adequate knowledge that they require to perform their tasks efficiently. This would reduce the amount of time they spend on each task. The workers would also be relieved some of the workload by the managers; hence they will be given amounts of work that they can handle efficiently. The employers, on the other hand, are required to gain enough knowledge to understand the business operations, manage them efficiently and be in a better position to train the workers. This would ensure that their involvement makes the workers highly productive. They are also required to devise a specific science for each job and reduce unnecessary steps in their performance. This makes it easier for them to supervise the jobs. The company would gain by improving efficiency of job performance, which increases the output level and profits. The theory suggests that scientific management is both a set of techniques and a philosophy (Tosi 10). It is a philosophy since there is a major requirement of knowledge in the business operations for both the workers and managers. It is also includes a set of techniques that are utilized to improve productivity. Both are vital aspects since one must have the knowledge to devise proper techniques on operation. In Taylor’s argument, he advocates for a fair division of work between the management and workers so that both are equally involved in business operations. Yes, it is extremely essential that both be actively involved since the operations would not run smoothly if one were inactive. Workers cannot be workers and managers at the same time since both have crucial roles in operations. The workers work as the managers supervise. It is difficult to work and supervise oneself at the same time. Works cited: Tosi, Henry L. Theories of Organization. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2009. Print.

Steps to a Successful Family Reunion

Steps to a Successful Family Reunion With some creativity and advance planning, you can organize and plan a memorable family reunion that everyone will talk about for years. Who Is Family? It may seem obvious, but the first step for any family reunion is to decide who is family. Which side of the family are you inviting? Do you want to include only close relatives or all descendants of Great Grandpa Jones (or another common ancestor)? Are you inviting only direct-line relatives (parents, grandparents, grandkids) or do you plan to include cousins, second cousins, or third cousins, twice removed? Just remember, every step back on the ancestral tree adds a ton of new potential attendees. Know your limits. Create a Guest List Start by assembling a list of family members, including spouses, partners, and children. Get in touch with at least one person from each branch of the family to help you track down contact information for each person on your list. Make sure to collect email addresses for those that have them - it really helps with updates and last-minute correspondence. Survey Attendees If youre planning to include a lot of people in your family reunion, consider sending out a survey (by postal mail and/or email) to let people know that a reunion is in the works. This will help you gauge interest and preferences, and ask for help with the planning. Include possible dates, proposed reunion type, and a general location (discussing possible costs early on can discourage a positive response), and politely ask for a timely response to your questions. Add the names of interested relatives who return the survey to your reunion list for future mailings, and/or keep them up-to-date on reunion plans via a family reunion Web site. Form a Reunion Committee. Unless this is a get-together of five sisters at Aunt Maggies house, a reunion committee is almost essential to planning a smooth, successful family reunion. Put someone in charge of each major aspect of the reunion - location, social events, budget, mailings, record-keeping, etc. Why do all the work yourself if you dont have to? Select the Date(s) Its not much of a reunion if no one can attend. Whether you plan your family reunion to coincide with a family milestone or special day, summer vacation, or a holiday, it helps to poll family members to avoid time and date conflicts. Since family reunions can encompass everything from an afternoon barbecue to a large affair lasting three or more days, youll also need to determine how long you plan to get together. A good rule of thumb - the farther people have to travel to reach the reunion location, the longer the reunion should last. Most importantly, remember that you wont be able to accommodate everyone. Choose your final date(s) based on whats best for the majority of attendees. Pick a Location Aim for a family reunion location that is most accessible and affordable to the majority of people you want to attend. If family members are clustered in one area, then select a reunion location thats nearby. If everyones scattered, then choose a central location to help cut down on travel expenses for far-flung relatives. Develop a Budget This will determine the scale of the food, decorations, accommodations, and activities for your family reunion. You can choose to have families pay for their own overnight accommodations, bring a covered dish, etc., but unless you have another source of income, youll also need to set a per-family registration fee to help with decoration, activity, and location costs. Reserve a Reunion Site Once youve chosen a location and set a date, its time to select a site for the reunion. Going home is a big draw for family reunions, so you may want to consider the old family homestead or other historic site connected to your familys past. Depending on the size of the reunion, you may be able to find a family member who will volunteer to have it at their home. For larger reunions, parks, hotels, restaurants and community halls are a good place to start. If youre planning a multi-day reunion, then consider a resort location where people can combine reunion activities with a family vacation. Choose a Theme Creating a theme for a family reunion is a great way to interest people and make them more likely to attend. It also makes things more fun when it comes to being imaginative with food, games, activities, invitations, and just about every other aspect of the reunion. Family history themes are especially popular, as are reunions which celebrate a very special family members birthday or anniversary, or the familys cultural heritage (i.e. Hawaiian luau). Determine the Menu Feeding a large group of people with different tastes is perhaps one of the trickiest parts of planning a reunion. Make it easy on yourself by selecting a menu that relates to your theme, or perhaps one that celebrates your familys heritage. Organize a group of family members to prepare the food for the family reunion or, if you have a large group and your budget allows, find a caterer or restaurant to do at least part of the work for you. A tasty menu makes for an unforgettable family reunion. Plan Social Activities You dont need to occupy everyone all the time, but planned activities and ice-breakers at your family reunion will provide an easy way for people who do not know each other well to comfortably spend time together. Include activities that will appeal to all ages and further family knowledge of shared heritage. You may also want to award prizes for special distinctions such as oldest family member or longest distance traveled to attend. Set the Stage Youve got a bunch of people, now what do you plan to do with them? Its time now to make arrangements for tents (if an outside reunion), chairs, parking decorations, programs, signs, t-shirts, goodie bags, and other reunion-day requirements. This is the time to consult a family reunion checklist! Say Cheese! While many family members will no doubt bring their own cameras, it helps to also make plans to record the overall event. Whether you designate a specific relative as the official reunion photographer or hire a professional photographer to take photos or videos, you should prepare a list of the people and events that you want to be recorded. For spontaneous moments, purchase a dozen disposable cameras and hand them out to volunteer guests. Dont forget to collect them at the end of the day! Invite the Guests Once you have most of your plans in place, its time to invite the guests by mail, email and/or phone. Youll want to do this way in advance to make sure and give everyone time to get it on their calendar. If youre charging admission fees, mention this in the invitation and set an advance deadline by which at least a percentage of the ticket price is required (unless youre wealthy enough to cover all of the costs yourself and can wait until the actual reunion for reimbursement). Tickets purchased in advance also means people will be less likely to cancel at the last moment! This is also a good opportunity to ask people, even if they cant attend the reunion, to provide family trees, photos, collectibles and stories to share with other family members. Fund the Extras If you dont want to charge admission fees for your reunion, then youll need to plan for a little fundraising. Even if you do collect admissions, fundraising can provide money for some fancy extras. Creative ways for raising money include holding an auction or raffle at the reunion or making and selling family hats, t-shirts, books, or reunion videos. Print up a Program Create a program that outlines the lineup of scheduled reunion events to provide to family members as they arrive for the reunion. You may also want to send this out via email or your reunion Web site in advance of the reunion as well. This will help serve as a reminder to people of activities which may require they bring something with them, such as a photo wall or family tree chart. Decorate for the Big Day The big day is almost here and now its time to make sure it goes smoothly. Create catchy, easy-to-ready signs to point arriving guests to registration, parking, and important locations such as bathrooms. Purchase or make a guest book to collect signatures, addresses, and other important information, as well as serve as a permanent record of the reunion. Purchase pre-made name badges, or print your own, to facilitate mixing and mingling between unacquainted family members. Family tree wall charts are always a big hit as reunion attendees always want to know where they fit into the family. Framed photos or printed posters of common ancestors or past family reunions are also popular. And, if you want to know what everyone thought of all your reunion planning, print up some evaluation forms for people to fill out as they leave. Keep the Fun Going Designate a volunteer or volunteers to create and send out a post-reunion newsletter with stories, photos, and news items from the reunion. If you collected family information, send along an updated genealogy chart as well. This is a great way to get people excited about the next reunion, as well as include less fortunate family members who were not able to attend.